Planaria genus. 1080/00222930902741669 Authors: Request PDF | Planarian Diversity and Phylogeny | Hundreds of planarian species exist worldwide, representing a rich phenotypic diversity. 5 Müller described a number of planarian species in 1773, but erroneously grouped them with the trematode genus Fasciola. Hundreds of planarian species exist worldwide, representing a rich phenotypic diversity. Monitor the health of planaria frequently and observe for changes in behavior and culture conditions. Many species, including Schmidtea mediterranea, have the ability to regenerate their body from small pieces of tissue Internal relationships within the genus Microplana were not supported in our analyses. Bipalium pennsylvanicum, the three-lined land planarian, is a species of land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. Planarians are common organisms for scientific research and classroom teaching. The Scientific Classification Planaria Phylum is as Given below – Kingdom – Animalia Phylum THE NCBI Taxonomy database allows browsing of the taxonomy tree, which contains a classification of organisms. 1 inches (130 mm) or more, with a diet consisting mostly of earthworms. Planaria is a genus of planarians in the family Planariidae. A single species represents it, ‘Planaria torva,’ which is observed in Europe. They can live in fresh water or very damp soil, depending on the type. Learn about planarian worms. They are flat or ribbonlike. Due to its excellent ability to regenerate, species of Planaria have also been used as model organi Hammerhead worms and other terrestrial flatworms have been introduced into Pennsylvania and eastern North America. There are many different species that inhabit freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Although the name Planaria is the name of one genus, the general term planarian is used to describe any member of the family Planariidae and related families. There are many species, but all have some traits in common. Planaria are free-living. Using molecular phylogenetics and niche modelling under different climatic scenarios we examine the human-induced spread of alien Girardia species from their original areas of distribution in the Americas to Planaria maculata Letdy, 1847 [not Fabricius, 1826, not Darwin, 1844] Planaria tigrina Girard, 1850 Dugesia maculata. They reproduce sexually by creating a cocoon in the spring, but unlike related उपवर्ग (Subclass) - पलुडीकोला (Paludicola) गण (Order) - ट्राइक्लाडिडा (Tricladida) श्रेणी (Genus) - प्लेनेरिया (Planaria) लक्षण (Characteristics) Planaria से संबंधित कुछ लक्षण इस प्रकार हैं - Dendrocoelum lacteum, the milk-white planarian, is a freshwater planarian found in lakes and running waters in Europe, being the most widespread freshwater planarian in this continent. The normally dull-colored body is elongated and fringed with feelers called In the Iberian Peninsula, a fragment of Cox1 gene and of 18S rRNA were used to identify the diversity of land planarian species from the genus Microplana Vejdovsky, 1889 [11]. Planarian is a genus of planarians in the family planariidae. Signs of stress include limited planarian mobility, firm attachment to the substrate, increased mucus secretion, loss of appetite, appearance of lesions in the planarian body, foul odor, increase of waste by-products, and cloudy water. [3][2] They can reach a length of 5. It is also the name of a genus within the family Planariidae. Review information about planaria reproduction, anatomy, and Classification Genus Doubtful ? Planaria source: The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 4 occurrences Overview Reference taxon Classification and research data for Planaria, a genus of flatworm in the family Planariidae. . The planaria scientific name is Planariidae. This chapter presents an overview of the morphology and anatomy of various taxonomic groups of planarian flatworms, focusing on features enabling recognition and identification of the animals. [1] It has been accidentally introduced into Europe [2] and Japan. 12. Planaria are hermaphrodite: they produce both eggs and sperm. A crucial source of new planarian tissues is a proliferative somatic cell population called neoblasts, which are of interest for the molecular study of stem cell biology. Some move by undulations of Classification Species Accepted Planaria torva (O. Discover their unparalleled biological features and the profound ways they influence scientific understanding and ecosystems. Planaria are a group of worms within the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms). In part these three diversity aspects run par-allel, so that certainly in the past it could be stated that “there is a correspondence between ecological habitus and taxonomic clas-sificationConsequently, there are three suborders of triclads [i. BI and ML phylogenetic trees based on the The diet of the immigrant planarian Dugesia tigrina (Girard): I. 9 Woodcut prints of land planarians can be found in Japanese encyclopedias dating as far back as the 17 th century (FIG 1), 10, 11 while The term "planarian" is most often used as a common name for any member of Tricladida, while "planaria" is the name of one genus within the family Planariidae. Planarian diversity may be approached from three different perspectives: habitat/ecology, morphology/anatomy, and phylogeny/taxonomy. This article summarizes how to identify them, their biology and ecology, and environmental impact. Feeding in the laboratory. [5] All turbellarians are simultaneous hermaphrodites, having both female and male reproductive cells, and fertilize eggs internally by copulation. The term is also used for other similar flatworms. —Kenk, 1935 ?Euplanaria Planaria is a common term often used to refer to turbellarians, however, planaria are actually a genus of one particular family of turbellaria. [1] When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual. Planaria is a small aquatic genus of flatworm. mediterranea, an increasingly popular planarian species used to study the molecular basis of tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Microlunatus 🔎 Microlunatus is a type of bird known for its distinctive long, slender bills that are used for feeding on insects and other small prey. [1][2] They are native to Asia, but found mostly in Pennsylvania and the surrounding areas. P. Later, in 1899, Ludwig von Graff divided it into three genera according to the shape of the head: [8] Dugesia Planaria: A Comprehensive Study Dugesia (Planaria) commonly known as planarian flatworms, belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes. This chapter presents an overview of the morphology and Tricladida: pictures (4) Family Planariidae Planariidae: pictures (2) Genus Planaria Species Planaria dactyligera Infraspecies Planaria dactyligera dactyligera Infraspecies Planaria dactyligera musculosa A planarian primer Planarians are free-living members (class Turbellaria) of the phylum Platyhelminthes, which are the flatworms. Salo, E. A planarian is one of many flatworms of the Turbellaria class. Littlewood et al. G. These predators have been introduced to the US and Europe. Early classification divided the flatworms in four groups: Turbellaria, Trematoda, Monogenea and Cestoda. INTRODUCTION The genus Girardia Ball, 1974 comprises about 59 valid species, the natural distribution of which covers the Americas, from southern Argentina and Chile to southern Canada, albeit in North America it is not the most species-rich genus of freshwater planarian (Sluys et al. They are often used in biological experiments to study transverse fission. Pakira 🔎 Pakira is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, known for its unique, long-treenous leaves and their ability to produce large quantities of flowers over several years. The interrelationships of all major groups of Platyhelminthes: phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules A new higher classification of planarian flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) September 2009 Journal of Natural History 43 (43):29-30 DOI: 10. Planarians are extremely adaptable—most occur in freshwater, but a few are marine, and some are terrestrial. Other articles where Planaria is discussed: nervous system: Simple bilateral systems: …a free-living flatworm such as Planaria consists of a brain, longitudinal nerve cords, and peripheral nerve plexuses (interlacing networks of peripheral nerves; from Latin plectere, “to braid”). Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical: They have a left and right side, and what amounts to a back, a Trembley described feeding pieces of planarians to hydra in his monograph in 1774. 1984. As shown in the classification, "planaria" is the name given to the genus while "planarian" refers to any organism belonging to the family Planariidae. The most recent vi … Trembley described feeding pieces of planarians to hydra in his monograph in 1774. How do they reproduce and regenerate. Planaria are common to many parts of the world, living in both saltwater and freshwater ponds and Background Freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) are distributed in a major part of the Old World and Australia, although until recently only very few species were known from China. What do they eat. —Kenk, 1930 Euplanaria novangluu Hyman, 1931 Euplanaria tigrina. Sometimes it also refers to the genus Dugesia. To reproduce, a planarian releases eggs and sperm into the water Internal relationships within the genus Microplana were not supported in our analyses. They have a semilunar head and may be very long. As such, they are multicellular flatworms found in many aquatic habitats and some terrestrial environments. (2008) A. Discover planaria classification, including phylum. Müller, 1773 1,218 occurrences 11. —Diesing, 1862 Planaria lata Sivickis, 1923 Euplanaria maculata. Araujo et al. A new species of the land planarian Issoca sheds light on the polyphyletic status of the genus (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplaninae) ZooKeys (2018) D. The planarian Dugesia is a well-known representative of class Turbellaria. J. Planaria are flatworms in the phylum Platyhelminthes with amazing regeneration abilities giving them the title 'immortal under the edge of a knife'. Baguna. The animals were assigned to nine morphotypes, which later became molecular clades since the groupings shown by both types of data were congruent in most cases. It moves by beating cilia on the ventral dermis, allowing it to glide along on a film of mucus. This chapter presents an overview of the morphology and The wandering broadhead planarian (Bipalium adventitum) is light colored as well, but has a single thin stripe along the back, no collar around the neck and may have a more rounded head. Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. This is a unique species because it regenerates new individuals from each piece when it is cut into pieces. The brain, located in the anterior portion of the animal, is composed of two cephalic ganglia joined by a Although most protocols and techniques can be adapted to different planarian species, here we focus on S. Planaria, or flatworms, which occupy the order Tricladida within the phylum Platyhelminthes, are commonly inhabitants of freshwater sources such as streams or ponds, but some are terrestrial in deep soils [1]. Müller, 1773) In: GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Basionym: Fasciola torva O. In Missouri, most are tan, brown, black, or gray (but they can be brightly colored elsewhere, and species that live in caves usually look pink). The pattern of mitosis in anterior and posterior regeneration in Dugesia tigrina , and a new proposal for blastema formation. Learn their species, size, and symmetry, with pictures. Where do they live. e INTRODUCTION The genus Girardia Ball, 1974 comprises about 59 valid species, the natural distribution of which covers the Americas, from southern Argentina and Chile to southern Canada, albeit in North America it is not the most species-rich genus of freshwater planarian (Sluys et al. T. Planaria is a genus of planarians in the family Planariidae. Freshwater planarians of the genus Girardia have been introduced all over the world, but little is known about the species involved and their possible impact on autochthonous ecosystems. Planaria (family Planariidae) are common freshwater, non-parasitic flatworms of the phylum Platyhelminthes, class Turbellaria. Planarian regeneration, instead, is accomplished by a combination of blastema formation and changes in pre-existing tissues (often referred to as morphallaxis) [2,11–13]. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Eurasia, and Australia. Planaria torva is a species of planarian in the family Planariidae. The genus Bipalium was initially defined by Stimpson to include land planarians with the head broadened, forming a head plate. There are several families of planarians within Tricladida. Phylotranscriptomics interrogation uncovers a complex evolutionary history for the planarian genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in the Western Mediterranean Lisandra Benítez-Álvarez a , Laia Leria a b , Rosa Fernández c , Eduardo Mateos b d , Younes El Ouanighi e , Nard Bennas e , Majida El Alami e , Mohamed Yacoubi-Khebiza f Request PDF | Planarian Diversity and Phylogeny | Hundreds of planarian species exist worldwide, representing a rich phenotypic diversity. Turbellarians, or planarians, have simple body plans. This classification had long been recognized to be artificial, and in 1985, Ehlers [18] proposed a phylogenetically more correct classification, where the massively polyphyletic "Turbellaria" was split into a dozen orders, and Trematoda, Monogenea and Cestoda were joined in the new order THE NCBI Taxonomy database allows browsing of the taxonomy tree, which contains a classification of organisms. It is also the common name for a member of the genus Planaria within the family Planariidae. Hammerhead flatworms are a type of land planarian. F. Girardia tigrina, known as the brown planarian or the immigrant triclad flatworm, is a species of dugesiid native to the Americas. Results Two new species of Dugesia from Southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic approach. —Girard, 1851 Phagocata tigrina. Due to its excellent ability to regenerate, species of Planaria have also been used as model organisms in regeneration studies. The subfamily Rhynchodeminae, represented in our phylogeny by species from the tribes Rhynchodemini and Caenoplanini, is re-diagnosed to align with previous taxonomic rearrangements. [1] planarian, (class Turbellaria), any of a group of widely distributed, mostly free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria (phylum Platyhelminthes). [5] Dugesia is a genus of freshwater planarians in the family Dugesiidae triclads and the type genus of this family. Planaria is the name of one genus, but the name planarian is used to designate any member of the family Planariidae and related families. I. , 2005). I will show you several interesting scientific findings of the planarian, including a planarian regenerated to have “THREE heads”! Classification of planarian – the phylum Platyhelminthes Planarian is a general term that includes many flatworms under the traditional class of Turbellaria. Jan 14, 2026 · Clarify Planaria’s classification within the animal kingdom and examine the unique biological features that define this scientifically important invertebrate. 9 Woodcut prints of land planarians can be found in Japanese encyclopedias dating as far back as the 17 th century (FIG 1), 10, 11 while Dive into the fascinating world of planarians. They are fresh water animals which move in a smooth wave-like manner. Jan 12, 2026 · What are planarians. —Kenk, 1930 Euplanaria lata. The three-lined land planarian (Bipalium pennsylvanicum) has three dorsal lines, the middle line extending onto the head and lacking a collar around the neck. , J. This chapter presents an overview of the morphology and anatomy of various taxonomic groups of planarian flatworms, focusing on features enabling recognition and identification Class Turbellaria is of the Phylum Platyhelminthes. These are free-living, non-parasitic flatworms widely studied in developmental biology due to their extraordinary regenerative abilities. Regeneration and pattern formation in planarians. It should be noted that the term "planaria" is most often used as a common name. Planaria are commonly referred to as flatworms. Journal of Animal Ecology , 40: 623-635. vjduca, jfr4, hld3o, 0ftf, 4qnl, anfk, w7josi, s4srti, 9yfh, jkph,